![]() The comprehension of the p–n junction solar cell will give you hints to improve solar cells regarding efficiency, manufacturing cost, consuming energy for the fabrication, etc. It is important to learn the basic properties of semiconductor and the principle of conventional p–n junction solar cell to understand not only the conventional solar cell but also the new type of solar cell. A p–n junction is used for charge carrier separation in most cases. The energy conversion consists of absorption of light (photon) energy producing electron–hole pairs in a semiconductor and charge carrier separation. In most cases, semiconductor is used for solar cell material. Solar cell is a key device that converts the light energy into the electrical energy in photovoltaic energy conversion. Tetsuo Soga, in Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion, 2006 1. CNTs also find application as heterojunctions in solar cells and as windows/back electrodes. For the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), dye-coated porous TiO 2 nanostructures, assembled with CNTs, have been reported. The addition of CNTs improves the charge conduction, the optoelectronic properties, and the thermal and chemical properties of the cells. Over the last decades, conducting polymers have revealed to be ideal candidates for the photovoltaics in solar cells, and the use of CNTs to improve their efficiency has been investigated. The most recent and promising generation of solar cells consists of concentrated solar cells, polymer-based solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, nanocrystal-based solar cells, and perovskite-based solar cells. The first generation of solar cells was produced on silicon wafers either using monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon crystals. The process was discovered as early as 1839, but the first solar cell was introduced by Bell executives in 1954. Solar cells are devices that use the photovoltaic effect to convert the energy of light directly into electricity, producing electrical charges that can move freely in semiconductors. ![]() Luca Vitale, in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2020 3.1 Solar energy conversion
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